This is the first time many of the scrolls, which date from the third century BC to the first century AD, have been seen since they were discovered in 1947.
The parchment of the ancient scrolls is so fragile that handling them would cause them to disintegrate into dust. The digital project, however, preserves the documents.
The scrolls include the oldest known biblical text, religious manuscripts that are not included in the Bible, and information about daily Jewish life in Israel.
Viewers of the online exhibit can zoom in and out on a scroll and click on areas of the Hebrew text to get an English translation.
"The technology and the technological capability of an enterprise like Google is for us a very simple way to get our content to the widest possible audience worldwide," Israel Museum Director James Snyder explained.
"And again, it's in order to allow for a deepened understanding and appreciation of what material culture is about, so that when you experience it first hand, you really have confidence in your knowledge of the material that you are looking at and experiencing," he added.
The five scrolls currently on display are from the Israel Museum. But Google is also working with the Israel Antiquities Authority, who holds another large collection of the Dead Sea manuscripts.
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